The following studies by Terry Spencer are now available on the Knottingley website:

KNOTTINGLEY CARNIVAL
By the last quarter of the nineteenth century the August Bank Holiday period at Knottingley abounded in fun and frolic with the Feast as the hub of the festivities. The fair was supplemented by community sports and of the sporting element within the town none was more prominent than Knottingley Town Cricket Club.

KNOTTLA FLATTS:
Situated on the southern bank of the River Aire, to the north side of Aire Street, lies Knottingley Flatts. Today, the Flatts occupy only a small portion of the original layout which comprised the greater part of Knottingley Ings.

KNOTTLA FEAST:
The modern image of the fair is one of outdoor entertainment for pleasure seeking people but such a concept is one which has developed over the last two centuries being born as a result of the Industrial Revolution.

HOSPITAL SUNDAYS:
Prior to the establishment of the National Health Service in 1948 local people relied for health care in the event of sickness or serious injury upon charitable institutions such as Pontefract Dispensary and Leeds Infirmary.

KNOTTINGLEY COAT-OF-ARMS:
The application by Knottingley Urban District Council for a grant of arms was made to the College of Arms, London, in mid 1942.

FERRYBRIDGE GLASSWORKS:
That there was a glassworks at Ferrybridge is indisputable for it was both documented and photographed. That it was situated on the north bank of the River Aire "..where the Parish of Brotherton merges into the Parish of Ferrybridge" is confirmed by map reference. The doubt lies not in the existence or location of the furnace but with its origin.

NINETEENTH CENTURY KNOTTINGLEY:
The township of Knottingley, situated three miles north-east of Pontefract in the Wapentake of Osgoldcross, developed from a 6th century Saxon settlement in a forest clearing on the south bank of the river Aire. By the time of the Norman Conquest of 1066 the settlement had acquired the status of a manorial vill

KNOTTINGLEY PLAYING FIELDS:
As the process of industrialisation and urban development gained pace in the second half of the nineteenth century the provision of public spaces such as municipal gardens and parks for the purpose of public recreation and amenity became increasingly desirable.

CAPTAIN PERCY BENTLEY:
Percy Bentley, scion of a prominent Knottingley family, was born in that town on the 18th January 1891, the son of James William and Helena Bentley, and was baptised in the parish church of St. Botolph on the 11th February.

KNOTTINGLEY WAR MEMORIAL:
On Wednesday, 25th September 1918, a committee previously sanctioned by Knottingley Urban District Council in meeting assembled, met in the Council Chamber at Knottingley Town Hall to consider the form of memorial to the men who had fallen during the Great War.

FERRYBRIDGE WAR MEMORIAL:
No less than the citizens of its larger neighbour, the inhabitants of the village of Ferrybridge decided to honour those drawn from the community and slain in the Great War.

THE 'K' SISTERS:
For approximately a decade from the mid 1940's the 'K' Sisters, Marjorie and Pamela Kellett, were prominent throughout the town and district of Knottingley as all-round entertainers who harnessed their talent to providing public enjoyment and in so doing raised large amounts of money for local charities.

THE PALACE CINEMA:
The new cinema, one of the earliest purpose-built picture houses in the country, was situated on an oblique strip of land some 560 square yards in extent, adjacent to Ship Lane at the junction with lower Aire Street. The hall was designed to seat 600 people: 500 in the area and 100 in the balcony.

KNOTTINGLEY PUBLIC HOUSES & BREWERIES:
In 1752, eighteen residents of the township of Knottingley in company with John Mitchell, the Parish Constable, agreed to be bound over in the sum of £10 each to observe the legal and moral obligations attendant upon being granted a licence as an innkeeper.

KNOTTINGLEY TOWN HALL CLOCK:
In the Spring of 1994, the recently deceased and much lamented Edwin Beckett arranged for the installation of a clock at the top of the Town Hall turret. The event was celebrated in verse by Mrs Joyce Bell who concluded her eulogy by stating that her mother, Dolly Lightowler, had always wished to see a clock set in the "bare face" of the Town Hall - a wish which had now come true.

STATUE OF THE BLACK PRINCE:
Awareness of a link between my native Knottingley and the Prince's statue came quite recently when Mrs Shirley Bedford of Knottingley informed me that her great grandfather was the master of a barge which had transported the statue from Hull to Leeds in 1903.

KNOTTLA NICKNAMES:
It was in the course of a recent conversation with Roger Ellis that the subject of nicknames arose, following which, in an idle half-hour, I casually began to compile a list of those I recalled. My list quickly exceeded fifty in number and I was seized by a natural desire to list as many more as I could obtain.

KNOTTINGLEY SILVER BAND:
The origin of Knottingley Band is obscure. In 1980 the Band celebrated its conjectured centenary year, the date being taken from an old letterhead of 1880.  However, a subsequent documentary source has been located which indicates that the genesis of the Band may lie much further in the past.

KNOTTINGLEY TOWN HALL:
The burgeoning spirit of civic pride found practical expression on 29th October 1864, when a group of prominent citizens of the town formed the Knottingley Town Hall & Mechanics’ Institute Company Limited.

FIELD SYSTEMS AND PLACE NAMES OF OLD KNOTTINGLEY:
The purpose of this study is to consider the topography of modern day Knottingley and formulate a theoretical model concerning the development of the settlement during the medieval and post medieval eras as reflected in the field systems adopted.

GAZETTEER OF KNOTTINGLEY PLACE NAMES:
An A-Z listing of Knottingley field and place names.

WAR SAVINGS WEEKS:
Conflict is fuelled by finance so it is unsurprising that following the outbreak of war in 1939, local savings committees were established to encourage people to curb personal expenditure and invest surplus cash in the National War Savings Scheme in order to assist the cost of the war.

SELECT VESTRY RIOTS 1874:
The township of Knottingley became a semi-autonomous parish in 1789 following the ecclesiastical reorganisation of that period but remaining under the patronage of the Vicar of Pontefract until it became an independent parish in 1846

KNOTTINGLEY PUBLIC HOUSES & BREWERIES
circa. 1750 – 1998

by TERRY SPENCER B.A.(Hons), Ph D. (1998)

CHAPTER NINE

THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY 1900-1945

By the turn of the century family entertainment was a regular feature within the town. Magic Lantern shows, ‘rag and stick’ theatre and cinematograph performances were held in the Town Hall and other venues such as the Wesleyan and Congregational Schoolrooms. In 1913, the opening of the Palace Cinema in Aire Street, provided a nightly source of cheap, wholesome entertainment. (1)

In an effort to combat the adverse effects of such social diversions local publicans devised various tactics to stimulate trade. Upon taking up the tenancy of the Wagon & Horses Inn in 1908, James Holgate introduced weekly cinematograph shows. The performances continued for the next four years until, in 1912, the West Riding County Council refused to renew the licence for such entertainment for fears for public safety arising from the introduction of more stringent fire regulations. (2)

At the Lime Keel Inn, the landlord sought to retain the valued custom of the local glassworkers by preparing and selling pickled snails, a delicacy favoured by the artisan glassblowers as a means of preventing throat ailments caused by the heat of the hot blowing irons. The defunct lime quarries in the locality ensured a plentiful supply of snails which were willingly collected by schoolboys who were paid a penny per bucketful by the enterprising publican. (3)

Mention has been made of the way hotelliers of the town stressed the respectability of their premises by emphasising their suitability for patronage by families and commercial gentlemen. The point was given added emphasis by the landlord of the Railway Hotel who in 1904 added "Home Comforts" to the multiple services offered by his establishment. In addition, recreational facilities in the form of billiards were a feature of the house. (4)

Knottingley Brewery, sold by George William Carter in 1892 and reconstituted as a public limited company trading under the Carter name, continued the policy of public house refurbishment begun by Carter. However, the impact of social change, together with the legislative constraints introduced by both Liberal and Conservative parties, spelt doom for some local public houses as trade declined to unviable levels.

As early as 1892, the Royal Oak had been closed and when, as the result of the enactment of a Conservative sponsored Bill, compensatory payments for public house licences suppressed by local authorities was legalised in 1904, others followed suit. The licence of the Anchor Inn was transferred to the Lamb Inn that year and in 1908, the brewery company transferred the licence of the Ship Inn to their newly opened Minsthorp Hotel, South Kirkby. Both the former inns were closed. The Rising Sun which stood on the site of the later Hill Top Workingmens’ Club, itself rebuilt and presently defunct and boarded up, closed in December 1907. Thereafter the former inn premises became a general provisioner’s shop for many years before finally being condemned as unsafe and demolished in 1943. (5) A further inn which underwent transformation was the Jolly Sailor. Refused a licence in the early 1920s, the premises were reformed under the publican-owner, Edwin Dey, as the Foundry Lane Club, under which name it flourishes today, albeit affectionately referred to as ‘The Jolly’. (6)

The advent of the Great War of 1914-1918 and the sudden and forceful imposition of regularised opening hours, increased prices and weaker beer, eventually induced further closures. In 1927 the Greyhound closed. The inn had passed from the ownership of John Carter’s third wife by her death in January 1907, to the brewery company who had long rented the premises. The Company had in turn sold the property in 1913 but the premises continued to be used as an inn until the late 1920s. The property was resold in July 1932 being described as "formerly an inn", at that date. (7) The Bee Hive was also closed in the mid 1920s as the onset of post war economic depression began to bite. The premises were sold in 1926 and were for many years used as an office for a private company. The property fell into a state of dereliction when the company became defunct about 1950, and was demolished some years later.

From the mid twenties a demographic shift occurred within Knottingley as the local council began to construct new public housing estates to the south and west of the town. The public houses, patronised by the inhabitants of the still densely populated central areas of the town in which they were located, nevertheless suffered a gradual diminishment of custom as people were relocated to the developing council estates. Whilst many were willing to make the journey from their new homes to their former locals, others were unwilling to do so, particularly as no public transport connection existed between the two areas of the town. (8) In an effort top tap the potential custom of the large residential areas, in March 1939, Bentley’s Yorkshire Brewery obtained a provisional licence for the construction of a new public house at the junction of Spawd Bone Lane and England Lane. When the Second World War commenced in the September of that year, the building was abandoned at foundation level. The site proved an unofficial adventure playground for a generation of local children until the 1950s when work recommenced and the inn was completed.

Meanwhile, as the war pursued its slow but inexorable course, plans were laid to build a second public house to serve the Broomhill estate and neighbourhood. The site chosen was Long Racca, a field situated along the western edge of Womersley Road, lying next to the railway crossing. The owners were the Tadcaster Brewery Co., who had obtained a provisional licence for the public house in 1939. Owing to the exigencies of war, however, permission to build was delayed until March 1942. The inn was completed shortly afterwards and although it commenced trading before the end of hostilities, was formally opened on Victory Day, May 1945. Amidst much secrecy and speculation the inn was appropriately named as the Winston Hotel. (9) The euphoric opening was somewhat marred, however, when on the opening evening a customer fell over the low wall forming the boundary between the hotel frontage and the much lower ground level at the rear of the wall. The fall caused the death of the customer and as a result the boundary walls were increased to their present height.

Terry Spencer, 1998

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